The Papar Project
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Phase 1-funded by Larger Grant of the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland
Granted to Dr. Barbara Crawford of the Dept. of Medieval History, University of St. Andrews, Professor Ian Simpson of the School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, and Beverley Ballin Smith of Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD)

Thanks to W.P.Thomson and Brian Smith for reading the whole text, to Sarah Grieve for commenting on the Orkney section, to Jocelyn Rendall for commenting on Papa Westray, to Doreen Waugh for guidance on the Caithness material and to Ian Fisher for help with the illustrations. Thanks also to Philip Graham at RCAHMS for designing The Papar Project website and Georgina Brown at RCAHMS for creating the maps. And thanks to Richard Welsby for the use of the image of St Tredwell's chapel in the main banner of this website.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LINKS

· Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland
· Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD)
· Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS)
· University of St. Andrews
· University of Stirling

Back to topCONSOLIDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbreviations  |  Orkney  |  Caithness  |  Shetland  |  Hebrides  |  Cartographic Sources

Abbreviations:

DES Discovery and Excavation, Scotland
DN
Diplomatarium Norvegicum. Regesta Norvegica: Kronologisk Fortegnelse over Dokumenter Vedkommende Norge, Nordmænd og den Norske Kirkeprovins. Udgivet for det Norske Historiske Kildeskriftfond. (1898. Christiania)
FES Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ.
OFN H. Marwick, Orkney Farm Names (Kirkwall, 1952)
OLM Old Lore Miscellany
OS
Orkneyinga saga. The History of the Earls of Orkney, trans by H.Palsson and P.Edwards (The Hogarth Press 1978. reprinted by Penguin)
OSA Old Statistical Account
OSR
Johnston, A. W., and Johnston, A., 1907-42. Orkney and Shetland Records. 3 vols (Old Lore Series vol. VII, XII and XIII). London: The Viking Society for Northern Research, University of London.
POAS Proceedings of the Orkney Antiquarian Society
PSAS Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
RCAHMS Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
REO
Records of the Earldom of Orkney 1299-1614 , ed. J.Storer Clouston (SHS second series 7, 1914)
Retours
Inquisitionum ad Capellam Domini Regis Retornatarum, quae in publicis archivis Scotiae adhuc servantur, abbreviatio. Edited by T. Thomson. 1811-16. Edinburgh: Great Britain Record Commission.
SA Shetland Archives
Soil Survey
Soil Survey of Scotland Sheet 1 Orkney and Shetland (Land Capable for Agriculture) The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen 1981

Orkney

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

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Crawford, B. E. ed., 2002. The Papar in the North Atlantic. St. Andrews: St. John’s House Papers No. 10
Crawford, B.E., 2005. The Govan Hogbacks and the multi-cultural Society of 10th century Scotland (Friends of Govan Old)
Cromarty Smith, J., 1921. ‘Early Christian Remains in Orkney and Shetland’. Transactions of the Scottish Ecclesiological Society, Vol. 6, Part III (1920-1), 103-18.
Cruden, S., 1988. ‘The Founding and Building of the Twelfth-Century Cathedral of St. Magnus’. In B. E. Crawford, ed. St. Magnus Cathedral and Orkney’s Twelfth-century Renaissance. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 78-87.
Davidson, J. L., and Henshall, A. S., 1989. The Chambered Cairns of Orkney: an Inventory of the Structures and their Contents. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Donaldson, G., 1949. Accounts of the Collection of Thirds of Benefices 1561-72. Scottish History Society Third Series XLII.
Dryden, Sir H. E. L., 1896. [Churches in Shetland]. in D. Macgibbon and T. Ross. Ecclesiastical Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ. Vol. VII. Synods of Ross, Sutherland and Caithness, Glenelg, Orkney and Shetland, The Church in England, Ireland and Overseas. H. Scott, ed., 1928. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ. Vol. VIII. Ministers of the Church from date of Publication of vols I-VII, 1914-28, to Union of the Churches, 2nd October, 1929, and addenda and corriegenda 1560-1949. H. Scott, ed., 1950. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Fenton, A., 1978 (1997). The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.
Fisher, I., 2002. ‘Crosses in the Ocean: some papar sites and their Sculpture’. in B. E. Crawford, ed., 39-57.
Gerard, J., 1841. Ronaldshay and Burray. New Statistical Account. Vol. XV, 191-5.
Gorrie, D., 1869. Summers and Winters in the Orkneys. Second edition. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
Gourlay, R. B., and Turner, A., 1978. Historic Kirkwall: the Archaeological Implications of Development. Glasgow: Scottish Burgh Survey, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow.
Græme, P.S., 1936. ‘Pateas Amicis’: the story of the house of Græmeshall in Orkney. Kirkwall: ?
Grant, W., nd. Cross and Burness. New Statistical Account. Vol. XV, 85-103.
Grieve, S., 1999. Norse Castles n Orkney. Unpublished M.Phil. thesis, University of Glasgow (copies in Orkney Archaeological Trust, Orkney County Library and Orkney Museum)
Hay, G., 1957. The Architecture of Scottish Post-Reformation Churches. 1560-1843. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Hossack, B. H., 1900. Kirkwall in the Orkneys. Kirkwall: William Peace and Son.
Inquisitionum ad Capellam Domini Regis Retornatarum, quae in publicis archivis Scotiae adhuc servantur, abbreviatio. Edited by T. Thomson. 1811-16. Edinburgh: Great Britain Record Commission.
Izat, J., 1794-5. Westray. Old Statistical Account. Vol. XVI, 251-64.
Jakobsen, J., 1928/1932 (1985) An Etymological Dictionary of The Norn Language in Shetland, Vols 1 and 2 (London and Copenhagen) (reprint Lerwick)
Jakobsen, J., 1936 (1993). The Place-names of Shetland. Kirkwall: The Orcadian Limited.
Johnston, A. W., and Johnston, A., 1907-13. Orkney and Shetland Records. Vol. I. London: The Viking Society for Northern Research, University of London.
Kirkness, W., 1921. ‘Notes on the discovery of a coped monument and incised cross-slab at the graveyard, St Boniface Church, Papa Westray, Orkney’. PSAS 55 (1920-1), 131-4.
Lamb, G., 1980. Orkney Surnames. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing.
Lamb, R. G., 1980. ‘A stack site off Stronsay, Orkney’. PSAS 110 (1978-80), 517-19.
Lamb, R. G., 1995. ‘Papil, Picts and Papar’. in B. E. Crawford, ed. Northern Isles Connections. Essays from Orkney and Shetland presented to Per Sveaas Andersen. Kirkwall: The Orkney Press Ltd, 9-27.
Lamb, R., Smith, B., and Lorimer, D., 1987. ‘Kirkwall (Kirkwall and St Ola parish). Medieval waterfront, Iron Age settlement, human remains’. DES, 34.
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Lang, J.T.,1994. ‘ The Hogback monuments: a re-appraisal’ in Ritchie A. ed. Govan and its Early Medieval Sculpture (Alan Sutton), 123-33
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Lowe, C. E., et al., 1998. Coastal Erosion and the Archaeological Assessment of an Eroding Shoreline at St. Boniface Church, Papa Westray, Orkney. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland.
Lowe, C. E., 2002. ‘The papar and Papa Stronsay: 8th-century Reality or 12th-century Myth?’. in B. E. Crawford, ed., 83-95.
Lowe, C. E., Buteux, S., and Hunter, J., 2000a. ‘Papa Stronsay, Orkney (Stronsay parish), survey; evaluation’. DES, 67.
Lowe, C. E., Buteux, S., and Hunter, J., 2000b. ‘St Nicholas Chapel, Papa Stronsay, Orkney (Stronsay parish), Iron Age activity; medieval chapel’. DES, 67-8, Fig. 24.
Lowe, C. E., Buteux, S., and Hunter, J., 2001. ‘St Nicholas Chapel, Papa Stronsay, Orkney (Stronsay parish), Iron Age structure’. DES, 72.
MacDonald, A., 1992 Curadan. Boniface and the Early Church of Rosemarkie (Groam House Museum Trust)
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Back to topCaithness

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Thomson, C., 1841. Wick. New Statistical Account of Scotland, Vol. 15, Caithness, 117-79.

 

Back to topShetland

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Unpublished
Rental of Shetland by William Balfour c.1772. SA Hay and Co. Papers
Details of population figures are drawn from the material compiled by R.S.Barclay and printed in The Shetland Book ed. A.T.Cluness (1967), 52-3, with additional figures kindly provided by Angus Johnson (Shetland Archives)
 
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Ballin Smith, B, 2004 The Papar Project, Papa Stour 2004 data structure report
Beveridge, B., 1973. ‘Shetland, Papil’. DES, 50.
Brady, K., 1998. Fetlar Chapel survey: desk-top assessment 1998; edited by C. D. Morris. Glasgow: Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division, Internal Report 636.
Brady, K., 2000a. Yell Chapel sites survey: desk-top assessment 1999, edited by C. D. Morris. Glasgow: Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division, Internal Report 733.
Brady, K., 2000b. Yell Chapel sites survey: 1999-2000, edited by C. D. Morris. Glasgow: Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Internal Report.
Brady, K., 2000c. Brei Holm survey and excavations: Papa Stour, Shetland; with contributions from John Syme Duncan and Ian McHardy, edited by C. D. Morris. Glasgow: Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Internal Report.
Brady, K., 2002. ‘Brei Holm, Papa Stour: in the Footsteps of the papar ?’. in B. E. Crawford, ed., 69-82.
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Hebrides

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

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